شرح موضوع عن الادارة باللغة الانجليزية management

Management in businesses and other organizations, including not-for-profit organizations and government bodies, refers to the individuals who set the strategy of the organization and coordinate the efforts of employees (or volunteers, in the case of some voluntary organizations) to accomplish objectives by using available human, financial and other resources efficiently and effectively. Resourcing encompasses the deployment and manipulation of human resources, financial resources, technological resources, natural resources and other resources.

including: بما في ذلك

government bodies: هيئات حكومية

coordinate: ينسق

volunteers: المتطوعون

voluntary: تطوعي

efficiently and effectively: بكفاءة وفعالية

it encompasses: يشمل

Resourcing: تدبير الموارد

deployment: نشر

manipulation: معالجة, تلاعب

Management is also an academic discipline, a social science whose objective is to study social organization and organizational leadership. Management is studied at colleges and universities; some important degrees in management are the Bachelor of Commerce (B.Com.) and Master of Business Administration (M.B.A.) and, for the public sector, the Master of Public Administration (MPA) degree. Individuals who aim at becoming management researchers or professors may complete the Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) or the PhD in business administration or management.

discipline: فرع من فروع المعرفة, دراسة, تخصص

Bachelor: بكالوريوس, الاجازة

the public sector: القطاع العام, القطاع الحكومي

Public Administration: الإدارة العامة

PhD: شهادة الدكتوراه

There are three levels of managers, which are typically organized in a hierarchical, pyramid structure. Senior managers, such as the Board of Directors, Chief Executive Officer (CEO) or President of an organization, set the strategic goals of the organization and make decisions on how the overall organization will operate. Senior managers provide direction to the middle managers who report to them. Middle managers, examples of which would include branch managers, regional managers and section managers, provide direction to front-line managers. Middle managers communicate the strategic goals of senior management to the front-line managers. Lower managers, such as supervisors and front-line team leaders, oversee the work of regular employees (or volunteers, in some voluntary organizations) and provide direction on their work.

hierarchical: تَدَرّجِيّ ؛ تَدْرِيجِيّ ؛ تَرَاتُبِيّ ؛ تَسَلْسُلِيّ, هرمي

Senior: كبير, الأعلى مقاما

Board of Directors: مجلس الإدارة

Chief Executive Officer: الرئيس التنفيذي

overall: شامل, اجمالي

report to: يقع تحت مسؤولية, مسؤول امام

I report to you: أنا مسؤول امامك, انا اقع تحت مسؤوليتك, انت مسؤول عني

front-line: الخط الامامي, الجبهة

supervisor: مشرف

oversee: يراقب, يشرف على